This is a configurable option. You'll have to modify Emulationstation's source and re-compile to change the size of the font, it's automatically computed from the screen's height - see here.
Renamed the font file as FreeSans.ttf and FreeSansOblique.ttf (these are the two fonts that are used for the video subtitles on the screensaver), and then dropped them into /usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont, overwriting the existing font files.